Signal apparatus.



No. 757,768. PATENTED APR. 19, 1904. J. D. PRICE. SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION Hum JAN. 21, 1902. no MODEL. 6 sums-sum 1.

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W. pawn-432326,

No. 757,768. PATENT'BD APR. 19,1904.

' J. 1). PRIGE.

SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLIGATIGN FILED JAN. 21, 1902.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

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No. 757,768. PATENTED APR. 19, 1904.

J. D. PRICE.

SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 21, 1902.

N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 757,768. I PATENTED APR} 19, 1904p J. D. PRICE. 7 SIGNAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2 1. 190% no MODEL.

QQQQLL UNITED STATES Patented April 19, 1904:.

PATENT OEEIcE.

V JONATHAN D. PRICE, OF AURORA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO MILLER SIGNAL COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

SIGNAL APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 757,768, dated April 19, 1904. Application filed January 21, 1902. Serial No. 90,612. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JONATHAN D. PRICE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Aurora, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvenance, while providing a thoroughly eflicient system. In the most complete arrangement there are employedboth transient or traincarried signals and local signals, the former receiving the controlling-current through thetrack from local-signal-controlling primary batteries located at the block-junctions and each connected with a short rail-section-at the advance end of the block and with an adjacent relatively long electrically-continuous railis employed at each block-junction, and each primary signal-battery connects through a pole-changer with one of said sections and with the advance end of the adjacent rail-sections of the block in the rear. The train-carried signal mechanism has conductors which simultaneously engage said two rail-sections when a block-junction is encountered, and the signal displayed in the engine-cab depends upon the direction of the controlling-current received by said mechanism. Each storage signal-battery has switches in its circuits, and these switches, as well as said pole-changers, are controlled by main electromagnets connected with both track-rails at the rear ends of the several blocksand energized by main track-batteries connected with the advance ends of the several blocks. The main track- ,batteries also have pole-changers, each immediately controlled by the electromagnetconnected with the block in advance, thev operation being such that the presence of a train in one block is indicated (without the use of Wire conductors connecting the block-junctions) at the second block-junction in the rear ofthe train. To protect the block-junctions, a second (auxiliary) pole-changer for each track-battery is controlled by a magnet connected with the relatively short rail-sections at the block-junctions, said magnet being energized' by an auxiliary track-battery con- ,nected with said short rail-sections.

Several pole changers and other circuitchangers are preferably combined in one instrument, and I have devised such an instrument peculiarly adapted for service under the trying conditions towhich such instruments are in practice subjected. The principle involved is that of employing the entire current from the (main) trackebattery to close the armature of the (main) track-magnet, then shunting a portion of the current through a reverse-wound coil to produce consequent poles in said track-magnet and then opposing an electropolarized armature to said consequent poles, the armature-coil being energized by a local relay-battery having its circuit closed by the closing of the main-track magnet armature. The armature-coil current isalways in one directiomwhereas the track-magnet coil currentreversesQwhence it follows that the track-magnet armature may close and the con sequent poles act to oppose-the closing of the electropolarized armature, or the track-magnet armature may close and the consequent poles act with exceedingly great force to. close the electropolarized armature. As indicated,

vthe polarized armatures constitute polechangers and circuit-changers for thesignalbatteries. -.Hence the great reliability of the improved device. V

The accompanying drawings diagrammatically illustrate my improvements in connection with two (broken) full blocks and portions of the two adjacent blocks of a railroad and two train-carried signal mechanisms in position to receive signals at two of the three block-junctions shown.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents the trackequipment at the rearmost block-junction shown; Fig. 2, the track equipment at a relay=station, illustrating the manner in which the blocks may be lengthened; Figs. 3 and 4:, the track equipments for the intermediate and advance block-junctions shown, the several mechanisms mentioned being in the conditions produced by trains in the positions shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 5, a composition of Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, omitting the most of the track apparatus and showing (conventionally). two train-carried instruments, the advance one of which is receiving a clear-signal and therear one of which is receiving a danger-signah and Fig. 6, a diagrammatic view illustrating the winding of the consequent-pole instrument employed.

A and A represent transient or train-carried signal mechanisms located, respectively, at the rear and advance block junctions shown. Each comprises, preferably, a transient light-battery E; danger and safety lights E E respectively; an electropolarized armature E equipped with a coil E upper and lower controlling-magnets E E, respectively, influenced by the local signal-controlling battery of each block-junction encountered to raise or lower the armature E depending upon the direction of the controlling-current received; track-engaging conductors (engine and insulated tender, say) E E ,'connecting the track-rails, but insulated from each other; conductors a a a a which, with the axle at E and armature E form a partial circuit common to the lights E E a contact a and conductor a, completing the circuit (from the armature) for the light E; a contact a and conductor a, completing the circuit for the light E a battery Q, connected by conductors a a in apermanently-closed circuit with the electromagnet E; a conductor a connecting the wheels at E with the electromagnet E; a conductor a connecting the magnet E with the negative pole of the battery Q; conductors a a, connecting the coil E* of the electropolarized armature E with the conductors a a respectively, and a conductor a, joining the wires a and a Thus the magnets E and E are arranged in series in a permanently-closed circuit in parallel with the permanently-closed circuit through the magnet E and an open branch connection with the locomotive-axles E E is provided. The

magnets E E are of relatively high resist.

ance and the magnet E of relatively low resistance. When the engine and tender stand on an unbroken track, the track furnishes a short circuit for the battery Q, shunting the coil E, therebyvirtually deenergizing said coil. This circuit is through conductors a a, the track, and conductors a a Since there is also a circuit through the magnet E the armature will remain in the field of either magnet in which it happens to be at the be ginning of the block, the two magnets E E being ofthe proper relative powers to elfect this result. When the signal-controlling current from the track is in the direction indicated by the arrow 8 at the block-junction F, said current acts with the battery Q to strengthen the magnet E opposes the current of the magnet E due to the battery Q, and produces a polarity in the armature E opposite the polarity produced in the magnet E thereby giving a danger-signal. In this instance the signal-controlling current passes up through a a, divides at the junction of a with a part passes through E and a to a, remainder passes through battery Q to a Currents then unite, passing through E and back to track. When the signal controlling current is as indicated at the block-junction F said current acts to weaken the magnet E, acts with the battery Q to strengthen the magnet E,

and produces a polarity in the armature E,

which is opposite that produced in the magnet E and similar to that produced (weakly) in the magnet E so that the armature is raised and the safety-signal exhibited. In this instance the signal-controlling current passes up through a and magnet E then through a divides at the battery Q, part passing through Q and a to the junction with a and the remainder passing through a and magnet E to said junction, the united current passing through a to the rails. Should a track connection of the engine equipment fail, the battery Q, nevertheless, acts with the magnet E to depress the armature E and give the danger-signal. The force of gravity also constantly tends to give the danger-signal.

B B B B represent four blocks of a railroad having a similar track equipment located at block-junctioris F, F and F and modified track equipment located at a relay-station F. The track-rails 6 Z) are electrically divided into relatively short rail-sections b Z2 and relatively long sections 5 I).

C G C represent local storage batteries for the several block-junctions constituting I signal-batteries for operating local or track signals at said block-junctions.

S S S represent primary train-signal-controlling batteries, each having a relatively short rail-section for a positive terminal when two advance blocks are clear and the advance end of the adjacent rail-section in the rear for the negative terminal under the same conditions.

T T T T represent main track-batteries, which when the track is clear have their positive terminals connected with the advance ends of the rail-sections b and their negative terewes gized consequent-pole electromagnets for the several block-junctions and the relay-station, each having an armature H, correspondinglywound coils H H", and reverse-wound interposed coils H, arranged in parallel with the coils H The winding of the consequent-polecuits whereof are controlled by the armatures H.

R,'G, and W, Ri, G and V and R G and W 3 represent local danger, caution, and clear signals for the several block-junctions.

The batteries C C C mentioned serve to energize the R GrVV series of local signals, as

indicated.

D, D, D and D represent a series of batteries, the first one of which serves to operate a switchrnans signal D, located at the relay-station F, and the remaining ones of which serve to energize magnets D each located at a station in advance of its battery controlling the armatures D, acting as circuit-changers for the R G W series of local signals.

M M M represent a series of pole-changing magnets energized by the S series ofbatteries, each magnet being connected with one of the relatively short rail-sections 5 and the advance end of the rail-section b in the rear thereof.

N N N represent a series of switch-controlling magnets energized by a series of batteries AA A", each of which is-located at a block-junction and connected with the relatively short rail-sections thereat.

The equipments at the several block-junctions are similar, and the courses of the currents from the several batteries are indicated by arrows marked with small letters and in'- den-numerals corresponding to the characters indicating the batteries. Arrows and corresponding small letters with subscripts are used to indicate what would be the courses of the currents with the arfnatures in adiflerent position.

The construction for the several block-junctions will now be described and a description of the mechanism at'the relay-station F will follow. S series has a conductor 1, leading to a positive contact 2, carried by the corresponding armature of the I series. 1 Adjacent to the contact 2 are contact-points 8 and 4, which connect, through branch wires 5 and 6, with conductors '7 and 8, the former of which connects with the corresponding short rail-section b and the latter of which connects with the advance end of the rail-section If in the rear of said short rail-section. Each of said batteries has its'negative pole connected by a conductures H5 Each block-junction battery of the tor 9 with a negative armature-carried contact 10. Adjacent to the contact 10 are contacts 11 and 12, connected, respectively, by branch Wires 13 and 14 with the wires 8 and 7, respectively. 'VVhen the armature is on the front or upper contacts, as in the normally attracted position shown in Fig. 4, the positive pole of the battery is connected with the rail-section d and the negative pole with the rail-section b and when the armature is on the lower or back contacts, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the polarity at the rail-sections is re versed. When the track is;cl ear, the positive poles of these batteries are connectedwith the rail-sections Z2 The positive pole of each block-junction battery of the T series connects,'through a wire 15, with a contact 16 of one of the arma- Adjacent to the armature-carried contact 16 are stationary contacts 17 and 18.

v The contact 17 connects, through a conductor 19-, withan armature 20, aflording a positive terminal controlled by a magnet of the M series. The contact 18 is connected by a conductor 21 with a conductor 22, which in turn is connected with the front end of the corresponding railsection Z) of the block in the rear, so that when the contact 16 is on the back contact 18 the positive poleof the battery is connected directly with the rail-section 6*. The negative pole of the battery of the T series under consideration is connected by a conductor 23 with a contact 24 on the armature H Adjacent to the contact 24 are stationary contacts 25 and 26'. The contact 25 is connected, through a conductor 2?,with an armature 28, constituting a negative contact controlled by the corresponding armature of the M series. The contact 26 connects, through a conductor 29, with a conductor 30, which connects with the advance end of the rail-section 6 of the block in the rear. .The armature 20 swings between a contact 31 and a contact 32, the former of which is connected by conductors 33 and 3 1 with the conductor and the latter of which is connected by conductors 35 and 36 with the conductor 22. The armature 28 swings between the contact 31 and a contact 31 connected by a conductor "31" with the conductor 36.

The solenoids H are connected by conductors 37 and 38 with the rear ends of the railsections Z)" Z2 Each soleno'id H is reverse wound and has connection at onepoint, through a conductor 39,with the conductor 37, and at another point, through a conductor 10, contacts 41 and 42, (assuming the armature H to be clos d) and conductor 43, with the conductor 38. closed the solenoid H is in parallel with the solenoids H but being reverse-wound serve to produce consequent poles 4&. 'While the armature H is being closed, however, none of the magnetism of the solenoids H is counteracted by the opposed solenoid H.

Thus when the. armature H isthe R G W series.

' The block-junction armatures H also carry contacts 45, which coact with stationary contacts 46 to vcomplete circuits 47 of the corresponding batteries of the L series, said batteries serving, as stated, to energize the coils 1*, assuming the armatures H to be closed. Also said armatures carry contacts 48, which coact with contacts 49 to close the circuits 50 of the D series of batteries. Thus when the armaturesH are open the circuits of the D series of batteries are broken, the light D* at the relay-station (shown in Fig. 2) extinguished, and the magnets D deenergized, thereby causing the armatures D to drop and close the circuits of the R G W series of local signals.

The batteries of the C series are provided with conductors 51, having positive contacts 52 connecting (when the coils D are deenergized) with the armatures D Each armature D connects, through a conductor 53, with a conductor 54, from which lead branch conductors 55, 56, and 57, supplying the lights of The conductor 55 leads to a contact 58, coacting with'a contact 59, carried by the corresponding armatures of the 1 series. The contact 59 connects, through a wire 60, with a contact 61, coacting with a contact 62, carried by the armature H. The contact 62 is connected by a conductor 63 with a contact 64, coacting with one of the armatures of the corresponding instrument N. The armature 65 connects, through a conductor 66, with the negative pole of the corresponding battery of the C series. Assuming the armature magnetized by the coil I and the armatures H and 65 .of a given block-junction to be closed and the armaturev magnetizedrby the battery of the D series to be open, the clear or white light signal would be lighted at that block-junction. The wires 56 of the G series of lights terminate in contacts 67, Which serve as back contacts for the contact 59, so that a green or caution signal would be given at the block-junction if the appropriate armature of the I series were open and the armature H and 65 closed. The wires 57 of the danger or red light series of signals connect with contacts 68, which serve as back contacts for the contact 62, so that when the armature H* is open the danger signal circuit is closed. Branching from the Wires 57 are wires 69, which connect with contacts 70, coacting with the armatures 65, so that when said armatures are open the danger-signal circuits are closed.

As indicated, the batteries of the C series are constantly being charged byprimary batteries P. Each battery of the A series connects, through its rail-sections Z2 and conductors 71 and 72, with the corresponding electromagnet of the N series. The circuit for each magnet of the M series comprises abattery of the A series, conductors 30 and 34, a conductor 7 3, an armature 74 of a magnet of the N series, a contact 75, a conductor 76, and conductor 7 2, leading to the rail 6 When av train arrives at a block-junction, it short-circuits the battery of the A series at said block-junction, deenergizes the instrument of the N series connected with said battery, and breaks'the circuit of the corresponding magnet of the M series, thereby causing a reversal of the pole connections at the armatures 20 and 28 and also closing the danger-signal circuit of the R series at the contact 70.

At the relay-station F the only mechanism required is that for controlling the track-battery,which controls the apparatus at the blockjunction in the rear and means for opening the circuit of the battery D. The battery T has its positive pole connected, through a conductor 77, with a positive contact 78, carried by the armature H, and its negative pole connected by a conductor 79 with a negative con tact 80, carried by said armature. The contact78' connects (when the armature H is closed) with a contact 81, joined by a conductor 82 to a contact-point 83,carried by the armature I and forming a portion of a pole-changer. The contact connects (when the armature H is closed) with a contact 84, joined by a wire 85 to a contact 86, carried by the armature I. The contact 83 vibrates between contacts 87 and 88,the former connecting, through a branch wire 89, with a wire 90, leading to that section of the rail-section b lying in the rear of an insulation 91, and the latter of which connects, through a branch wire 92, with a wire 93, connected with that portion of the rail-section? lying in the rear of an insulation 94. The contact 86 vibrates between contacts and 96, the former of which connects by a branch Wire 97 with the wire 93 and the latter of which connects by a branch wire 98 with the'wire 90. The solenoids H? are connected by wires 99 and 100 with the portions of the rail-sections b b in advance of the points of insulation 91 and 94.

The solenoid H connects, through a wire 101, with the wire 100 and, through a wire 102, contact 103, contact 104, (assuming the armature H to be closed,) and wire 105, with the wire 99, so that whensaid armature is closed the solenoid H is in parallel with the solenoids H Said solenoid H is reverse-Wound to produce consequent poles 106. The circuit of the battery L and solenoid 1 comprises a conductor 107, a conductor 108, a contact 109, carried bythe armature H, a contact 110, and a conductor 111, so that the circuit is closed only when the armature H is closed.

The operation will be readily understood from the foregoing detailed description.

When the track is clear, the armatures are sponding polarized armature of the I series to be dropped. The result is to change the pole connections of the next track-battery in the rear, thereby supplying a reverse current to the instrument at the second block-junction in the rear, as shown, for instance, in- Fig. 1, making the consequent poles 44 of said instrument of such polarity as to oppose the electropolarized armature at said instrument, causing said polarized armature to remain open, so that a reverse current from the main signalcontrolling battery (of the S series) at said block-junction is supplied to'the rail-sections. Under such circumstances an engine arriving at the second block-junction in the rear of the train would receive a danger-signal. ,At the same time the green or caution signal of the local group of signals at said second blockjunction will be exhibited while asecond train is approaching said blockjunction, it being remembered that said second train serves to deenergize the instrument D in advance, thereby closing the circuit of the caution-signal.

A series is short-circuited, and the magnet of the N series drops its armatures,thereby breakstation be interposed at the middle of one or said magnet to release its armatures.

' net N to drop its armature 7 4, thereby breaking the circuit of the magnet M and causing T is brings the armatures 20 and 28 onto the back contacts and reverses. the connections of the track-battery T with theblock in the rear of the train. gized, the armature drops onto the back contact 7 0, thereby closing'the danger-signal B, it being understood that the portion of the train in the block in the rear of the blockjunction F short-circuits the battery P and drops. the armature Hat the block-junction F thereby breaking the circuit of the battery D and deenergizing the instrument D at the block-junction F.

the block-junction F open the armature I is Upon the arrival of said second train at said second block-junction'the battery of the When the magnet N is deener- 1 With the armature H at of course open, so that the pole connections of the battery T with the block in the rear of the block-j unction F are reversed, the magnet M being at this time energized, so as to hold its armature up. The reverse current supplied by the battery T to the instrument H causes the armature H of said instrument to be attracted, thereby closing the circuit-of the coil H but the direction of the current supplied to the instrument H is such as to make the consequent poles 106 of such polarity as to oppose the armature I, causing said armature to remain open. and 86 are on the back contacts of the polechanger, so that a reverse track-current is supplied to the track in the rear of the insulations 91 and 94 at the center of the block B. Thus a reverse current is supplied to the instrument H at the block-junction F, and the result is to cause the armature I to remain open, thereby causing a reverse current to be supplied from the signal-controlling battery S to the rail-sections Z2 6 so that the train instrument receivesa danger-signal, as indicated at the left-hand portion of Fig. 5. The train at the block-junction F short-circuits the battery A, thereby causing the armatures of the instrument N to drop, breaking the circuit of the magnet M and arranging the circuit of the local danger-signal Rto give a danger-signal upon the approach of atrain in the rear. In this condition the pole-changer controlled by the instrument M is operated to change the pole connections of the trackbattery T with the block in the rear of the block-junction F, so that danger-signals would be received by a train instrument at either of the twoIblock-junctions in the rear of the block-junction F, a local danger-signal would be displayed at the first block-junction in the rear of the block-junction F, (assuming a train to be approaching) and a local caution-signal would be displayed at the second block-junction in the rear of the block-junction F, (assuming a train to approach said last-named block-junction.)

The instrument D at the block-junction F is assumed to be energized from a battery in the rear, whose circuit is controlled in the same manner as those of the D seriesof batteries.

It is believed to be new to the art to provide means for using the entire main-track- 'battery current for closing one armature and then employing a portion or all of said current to actuate a subsequently-moved armature controlling a signal or signal-circuit. It is further believed to be novel in the art to employ an electromagnet with consequent poles and oppose an electropolarized armature to said poles, and also it is believed to be new to provide for the use of both train-carried or transient signals and local signals, all controlled by track-circuits.

It is evident many changes in details of con Thus the contacts 83 'struction within the spirit of my invention may be made. Hence no undue limitation is to be understood from the foregoing detailed description said description having been made with such particularity only for the purpose of enabling the invention to be fully understood. Thus it will be understood by those skilled in the art of electricity that a consequent-pole electromagnetic instrument may be produced without having the poles of the heel containing the coil H actually connected with the adjacent poles of the cores of the coils H Moreover, it will be appreciated that elec-' trical'blocks and consequent-pole magnets attached thereto may be advantageously em: ployed with any electrically-controlled traincarried mechanism whether for operating sig by the movement of said armature.

2. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track having its rails electrically divided into sections corresponding with blocks,signal-batteries, a trackbattery for each block connected with both track-rails, and circuit-changing mechanism including an initially-energized electromagnet foreach block in a normally closed circuit with and controlled from the corresponding track-battery andhaving an armature, a subsequently energized electromagnet through which current from said last-named battery is directed by the closing of said armature, and an armature for said second-named magnet controlling the circuit of a corresponding sig- 'nal-battery.

3. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track having its rails electrically divided into sections corresponding with blocks, signal-batteries, a trackbattery for each block connected with both track-rails, and circuit-changing mechanism including an initially-energized electromagnet for each block controlled from the corresponding track-battery and having an armature, a subsequently'energized electromagnet corresponding to each block and arranged in parallel with the corresponding first-named 'magnet and energized from the same track-battery, each parallel circuit being closed by the closing of the armature of the corresponding first-named magnet.

4:; In signal apparatus of the character described, thecombination of a track having its rails electrically divided into sections corresponding with blocks, signal-batteries, a trackbattery'for each block connected with both track-rails, and pole-changing mechanism including electromagnets in normally closed circuits and employing consequent poles, and armatures operated by said consequent poles and controlling the circuits of the corresponding signal-batteries.

5. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track having its rails electrically divided into sections corresponding with blocks, signal-batteries, a trackbattery for each block connected with both track-rails, and pole-changing mechanism including electromagnets employing consequent poles, electropolarized armatures coacting with said consequent poles and controlling the circuits of the corresponding signal-batteries, and local batteries for energizing said electropolarized armatures and having their circuits controlled by said first-named magnets.

6. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination-oi' a track having its rails electrically divided into sections corresponding with blocks,signal-batteries, a trackbattery for each block connected with both track-rails, and pole-changing mechanism including an initially-energized electromagnet for each block controlled from the corresponding track-battery and having an armature, a subsequently -energized electromagnet for each block through which current from said last-named battery is directed by the closing of said corresponding armature, electropolarized armatures for said second-named magnets,

and relay-batteries f or said armatures having circuits controlled by said first-named arma tures.

7 In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination with suitable electrical blocks, track-batteries therefor, and signal track batteries, of mechanism for each block connected therewith comprising an electromagnet having its legs e uipped with coils initially energized in one direction and its heel or keeper energized with a coil subsequently energized to produce consequent poles, an

electropolarized armature coacting with said consequent poles, and a circuit-changer for the corresponding signal-battery controlled by said armature.

8. In signal apparatus of the characterdescribed, the combination with suitable blocks, track-batteries therefor, and signal-batteries, of mechanism for each block-junction comprising an electromagnet having legs equipped with coils initially energized in one direction by the corresponding track-battery and a heel equipped with a coil subsequently energized 7 pole-changer for the track-battery of the corresponding block-junction, and a'pole-changer operated by said electropolarized armature and controlling-the circuit of the correspond ing signal-battery.

9. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, track-batteries for the several blocks, and mechanism for each blockjunction comprising an electromagnet having tively short rail-sections at each block-juncconsequent poles, an electropolarized armature cooperating with said consequent poles, an armature controlled by the free poles of said magnet and carrying a pole-changer for the track-battery supplying current to the block in the rear, signal-batteries connected with the track, and a pole-changer for each signalbattery operated by one of the electropolarized armatures.

10. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks and having both track-rails provided with relatively short insulated railsections, main track-batteries connected with the blocks near their advance ends, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with both track-rails near the rear ends of the several blocks, electropolarized armatures corresponding to the consequent poles of said elec+ tromagnets, arinatures corresponding to the free poles of sa d electromagnets and serving as pole-changers for the track-batteries snpplying current to the blocks in the rear, sigrial-batteries, each having one pole connected with a relatively short rail-section and the tion, auxiliary electromagnets controlled by said last-named batteries, and signals controlled by both the main and auxiliary magnets.

12. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, track-batteries for the sev- I eral blocks, train-signal-controlling batteries, each connected with two track-ra1lsect1ons to form a local partial circuit, train-carried signals traversing said track, local signals, and

circuit-changers controlling said local signals and said train-signal-controlling batteries and themselves controlled automatically from the several blocks.

13. In signal apparatus of the character described,the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks with relatively short railsections for each track-rail at the several blockjunctions, track batteries for the several blocks, electromagnets connected with said blocks, pole-changers for said track-batteries controlled by said electromagnets, train-signal-controlling batteries, each connected with a relatively short rail-section and with the adjacent end of the rail-section in the rear, traincarried signals controlled by said last-named batteries, and local signals with local circuits controlled by said magnets. 14. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks with relatively short insulated rail-sections for both track-rails at the several block-junctions, track-batteries connected with the advance ends of the several blocks, electromagnets connected with both track-rails at the rear ends of the several blocks and in advance of said relatively short sections, circuit-changers controlled by said electromagnets, and local signals controlled by said circuit-changers. a

' 15. In signal apparatus of the'character described, the combination of atrack electrically divided into blocks with relatively short insulated rail-sections for both track-rails at the several block-junctions, main track-batteries connected with the blocks, main track-magnets connected with the blocks,auxiliary trackbatteries connected with said relatively short rail -sections, auxiliary magnets energized thereby, and local signals with circuits controlled by magnets of both series.

16. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a trackelectrically cuits, auxiliary pole-changers for the track batteries having circuit-changers in their circuits, and auxiliary track-magnets connected with said relatively short rail-sections and controlling said last-named circuit-changers.

17. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks with relatively short railsections for each trackrail at the several blocks, main track-batteries for the several blocks, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the rear ends of the several blocks,

armatures controlled by said magnets and serving as main pole-changers for said trackbatteries, auxiliary pole-changers for said track-batteries, auxiliary magnets controlling said pole-changers and having circuits provided with circuit-changers, auxiliary trackmagnets controlling said last-named circuitchangers and connected with said relatively short rail-sections, auxiliary track-batteries connected with said relatively short rail-sections, train-signal-controlling batteries, each connected with a relatively short rail-section and the adjacent rail-section in the rear, polechangers for said last-named batteries, electropolarized armatures carrying said polechangers and controlled by the consequent poles of said first-named magnets, and traincarried signal mechanism controlled by said train-signal-controlling batteries.

18. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks with relatively short railsections for each track-rail at the several block-junctions, main track-batteries, consequent-pole electromagnets energized by said batteries, pole-changers for said batteries controlled by said magnets, electropolarized armatures controlled by the consequent poles of said magnets, train-signal controlling batteries, each connected with a relatively short rail-section and the advance end of the adjacent rail-section to form therewith local partial circuits, pole-changers for said local partial clrcuits controlled by said electropolarized armatures, auxiliary pole-changers for said main track-batteries, magnets controlling the same, each connected with a relatively short rail and with the advance end of the railsection in the rear thereof, circuit-changers for the circuits of said last-named magnets, magnets controlling the same and connected with both relatively short rail-sections of the corresponding block-junctions, and auxiliary track-batteries energizing said relatively short rail-sections.

19. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of electrical blocks, main track-batteries energizing the same, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the several blocks and energized by said main track-batteries, armatures controlled by said electromagnets and serving as pole-changers for said track-batteries and serving also as circuit-changers for local signal-circuits, additional armatures controlled by said magnets and serving as circuit-changers for the circuits of said local signals, local signals, and circuits controlling said local signals and themselves controlled by said circuit-changers.

20. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the rear ends of the sseveral blocks, track-batteries connected with the advance ends of the several blocks, armatures controlled by said magnets and serving as pole-changers for the several track-batteries, local signals with circuits controlling the same, circuit-changers controlling said circuits and carried by said armatures, electropolarized armatures controlled by the consequent poles of said magnets, and circuitchangers for the circuits controlling said local signals carried by said last-named armatures.

21. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, track-batteries connected with the several blocks, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the several blocks, local clear and cautionsignals with controlling-circuits, armatures for said magnets serving as pole-changers for said track-batteries and as circuit-changers for said lastnamed circuits, electropolarized armatures, and circuit-changers for'said last-named circuits carried by said last-named armatures, whereby a clear signal may be obtained at a given blockjunction when the armatures thereat of both series are closed, and a caution-signal may be obtained when the electropolarized armature is open and the other armature closed.

22. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, with relatively short railsections for each track rail at the several block-junctions, main track-batteries, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the several blocks, local clear, caution and danger signals with controlling-circuits, armatures controlled by said magnets and serving as polechangers for said track batteries and circuitchangers for said last-named circuits, electropolarized armatures controlled by the conse quent poles of said magnets, circuit-changers for the controlling-circuits of said local signals carried thereby, auxiliary pole-changers for the track-batteries, auxiliary magnets controlling the same and having circuits provided with circuit-changers, auxiliary trackmagnets controlling said last-named circuitchangers and connected with said relatively short rail-sections, and auxiliary track-batteries connected with said relatively short railsections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

23. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks with relatively short railsections for each track-rail at the several blockjunctions, track batteries for the several blocks, magnets energized therefrom, local clear, caution and danger signals with controlling-circuits, armatures for said magnets serving as pole-changers for said track-batteries, circuit-changers for the danger-signal circuits controlled by said armatures and including back contacts with conductors leading therefrom to the signal-controlling batteries, circuit-changers in the course of said con- IIC weaves ductors, auxiliary magnets controlling said close them when the current for said firstnamed magnets is in one direction and to antomatically open them when the current through said first-named magnets is in the opposite direction, circuit-changers carried by said last-named armatures and controlling the circuits of said clear and caution signals, said circuits being appropriately completed through said first-named conductors when said auxiliary magnets are energized.

24:. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically.

divided into blocks with relatively short railsections for each track-rail at the several blockjunctions, main track-batteries connected with the several blocks, consequent-'pole electromagnets connected with the several blocks and energized by said batteries, armatures controlled by the free poles of said magnets and serving as pole-changers for said trackbatteries, auxiliary pole-changers for said track-batteries, magnets controlling said auxiliary pole-changers and havingcircuits pro' vided with circuit-changers, auxiliary magnets connected with said relatively short railsections and controlling said last-named cir-- cuit-changers, auxiliary track-batteries connected with said relatively short rail-sections, local clear, caution and danger signals with controlling-circuits and batteries energizing the same, conductors connected wlth one pole of each of said last-named batteries, circuit changers for said conductors controlled by said auxiliary magnets, contacts carried by the free-pole armatures of said first-named.

magnets and connected with said conductors, partial circuits for said local signals provided with front and back contacts operating with said last-named contacts, electropolarized armatures controlled by consequent poles, and circuit-changers for the circuits of the clear and caution signals controlled by said electropolarized armatures.

25. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, with relatively short railsections for each track-rail at the several block junctions, main track-batteries connected with the several blocks, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with the several blocks and energized by said batteries, armatures controlled by the free poles of said magnets and serving as pole-changers for said track- .batteries, auxiliary pole-changers for saidtrack-batteries, magnets controlling said aux iliary polechangers and having circuits provided with circuit-changers, auxillary magnets connected with said relatively short railsections, auxiliary track-batteries connected with said relatively short rail-sections, local clear, caution and danger signals with controlling-circuits and batteries energizing the same, conductors connected with one pole of each of said last-named batteries, circuitchangers for said conductors controlled by said auxiliary magnets, contacts carried by the free-pole armatures of said first-named ma nets and connected with said conductors, partial circuits for said local signals provided with front and back contacts operating with said last-named contacts, electropolarized armatures controlled by consequent poles,

i sections for each track-rail at the several blockjunctions, main track-batteries connected with the several blocks, consequent-pole electromagnets connected with'the several blocks and energized by said batteries, armatures controlled bythe free poles of said magnets and serving as pole-changers for saidtrackbatteries, auxiliary pole-changers for said track-batteries, magnets controlling said auxiliary pole-changers and having circuits provided with circuit-changers, auxiliary magnets connected with said relatively short railsections and controlling said last-named circuit-changers, auxiliary track-batteries connected with said relatively short rail-sections, local clear, caution and danger. signals with controlling-circuits and batteries energizing the same, conductors-connected with one pole of each of said last-named batteries, circuitchangers for said conductors controlled by said auxiliary magnets, contacts carried by the free-pole armatures of said first-named magnets and connectedw-ith said conductors, partial circuits for said local signals provided with front and back contacts operating with said last named contacts, electropolarized armatures controlled by consequent poles, circuit-changers for the circuits of the clear and caution signals controlled by saidelectropolarized armatures, and partial short circuits for said danger-signals having conductors serving. as back contacts. for the "circuitchangers of said first-named conductors, whereby a danger-signal 'may be exhibited when said auxiliary track-batteries are shortcircuited.

27. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of electrical blocks,

lIO

batteries serving to energize the same, trainsignalcontrolling batteries at the several block-junctions, pole-changers for the several track-batteries automatically controlled from the several blocks, pole-changers for the several train-signal-controlling batteries automaticallycontrolled from the several blocks, and train-carried signal mechanism comprising conductors for completing the circuits for the train-signal-controlling batteries at the block-junctions, clear and danger signals,cir-

track-batteries automatically controlled from the several blocks, pole-changers for the several train signal controlling batteries automatically controlled from the several blocks, and train-carried signal mechanism comprising conductors for completing the circuits for the trin-signal-controlling batteries at the block-junctions, clear and danger signals, circuits therefor, an armature controlling said last-named circuits, a solenoid serving to polarize said armature and connected with said conductors, two electromagnets cooperating with said armature, connections between said magnets and the circuit of said armature-solenoid, whereby the current through all the solenoids is affected by a reversal in the direction of the controlling-current from a local trairi-signal-controlling battery, and a traincarried battery connected with the circuits of the several solenoidsof the train-carried mechanism, the current of said battery acting in conjunction with the controlling-current of one or the other of said two train-magnets,

I according to the direction of the controllingthe train-signal-controlling batteries at the block-junctions, clear and danger signals, circuits therefor, a solenoid serving to polarize said armature and connected with said coirductors, two electromagnets cooperating with said armature, connections between said magnets and the circuit of said armature-solenoid, whereby the current through all the solenoids is affected by a reversal in the direction of the controlling-current from a local train-signalcontrolling battery, and a train-carried battery having a closed circuit completed through that one of said two magnets which tends to draw the armature so as to complete the dam: ger-signal circuit and having another circuit completed through the track-rails, assuming the track-rails to be continuous.

30. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, track-batteries for the several blocks, pole-changers for said batteries, intermediate insulations in the track-rails of one block, and track-battery relay mechanism thereat comprising a consequent-pole electromagnetconnected with the rail-sections in advance of said insulations, an intermediate track-battery connected with the rail-sections in the rear of said insulations, an armature controlled by said magnet and carrying a circuit-changer for said last-named track-battery, and an e'lectropolarized armature controlled by the consequent poles of said magnet and serving as a pole-changer for said last-named track-battery whereby the length of the block may be increased at will.

31. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a track electrically divided into blocks, track-batteries for the several blocks, pole-changers for said trackbatteries, local signals for the several blockjunctions,circuit-changers therefor controlled from the track in advance, intermediate insulations in the track-rails of a block, and track-battery relay mechanism thereat comprising a consequent-pole electromagnet connected with the rail-sections in-advance of said insulations, an intermediate track battery connected with the rail-sections in the rear of 'said insulations, an armature controlled by said magnet and serving as a circuit-changer for said last-named track-battery, a magnet controlling the circuit of the local signal in advance of said relay-station, a conductor leading back from said magnet to said relaystation and provided with a contact, a contact carried by said armature and cooperating with said last-named contact, means connected with said last-named contact for completing the circuit of said last-named magnet, an electropolarized armature controlled by the consequent poles of said first-named magnet, and a pole-changer for said intermediate track-battery controlled by said last-named armature.

32. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of suitable electric blocks, batteries serving to energize said blocks, magnets automatically controlled from IIO the several blocks, magnets having circuits provided with normally closed switches controlled by said first-named magnets, said switches being open when the armatures of 5 said first-named magnets are open, local signals, local signal-batteries with controllingcircuits for said signals, and normally open switches for said last-named circuits controlled by said second-named magnets, said last- I named switches being closed when said magnets are deenergized.

' 33: In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination of suitable electric blocks, batteries serving to energize said I blocks, magnets automatically controlled from the several blocks, magnets having circuits provided with normally closed switches con- 7 trolled by said first named magnet, said switches being open when the armatures of said first-named magnets are open, local signals, local storage batteries with circuits con trolling said signals and having switches held normally open by said second-named magnets, and local primary batteries serving to charge 5 said storage batteries. v

34. Insignal apparatus of the character described, the combination of a trackelectrically divided into blocks, and equipped at its several blockjunctions with block-energizing '3 batteries and block-controlled magnets, of relay mechanism comprising intermediate insulations in the track-rails of a block, a relay track-battery connected with both track-rails in the rear of said insulations, a consequentpole electromagnet connected with both trackrails in advance of said insulations, an electropolarized armature controlled by the consequent poles of said last-named magnet, an armature controlled by the free poles of said consequent-pole electromagnet, and circuitchangers and pole-changers for said .relay track-battery controlled by said armatures.

35. In signal apparatus of the character described, the combination with suitable trackcircuits, including track-batteries and magnets in normally closed circuits with and conarmatures, of signals, and magnets controlling said signals and energized by current from said batteries, the circuits of said last-named magnets being completed by the movement of said armatures, for the purpose set forth.

trolled by said batteries and equipped with 36. The combination with suitable elec- JONATHAN 1). PRICE.

In presence of L. HEISLAR, WM. B. DAVIES. 

